Lord Of The Flies Seniority Essay - 1194 Words

J. Miller Ms. Tantlinger Honors English 10 2 January 2018 The Power of Seniority in Humans are a sophisticated and advanced race, one which possess the ability to affect their environment, and one another, in significant and often destructive ways. War is a catastrophic event created by humans, who upon creating it neglect to comprehend its far-reaching effects. The novel, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, places a group of prepubescent males into one of these situations. After an evacuation aircraft crash-lands, the boys are left upon a deserted island to manage and fend for themselves. As Golding details the trials and tribulations of the young men on the island, it becomes increasingly apparent that the children respect authority†¦show more content†¦Jack’s leadership is lamented with his first appearance, as he leads the choir in an organized manner across the beach to the initial meeting place. Ralph displays his leadership ability when he addresses Piggy after he is teases for his name. â€Å"With the directness of genuine leadership,â⠂¬  he dismisses Piggy to go record the names of the other survivors. This is significant because it can be compared to if an adult and ordered Piggy to do something, even though he wanted to help search the island. However, as Piggy respects the power of the democratic election and Ralphs seniority, he complies. This highlights the power of seniority. However, Piggy’s role here, and in other parts of the book, serve as an interesting opposition to the theory that with age[c] comes seniority.Throughout the story, Piggy is belittled and discriminated against, seemingly because of his age, lack of physical ability, speech impediment and vision problems. In Chapter 8, as he is trying to take over as chief, Jack even compares Piggy to Ralph, saying that â€Å"Ralph is like Piggy. He says things like Piggy.† While this may seem like an Insult to Ralph, it can be interpreted on a deeper level as, alternatively, the recognition of Piggy’s ability to lead. There are plenty of times throughout the story that Piggy is indirectly given power. In chapter 1, he is responsible for the littluns as Jack, Ralph, andShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesPassengers were also provided with a digital sound system comparable to the most advanced home stereo available, and a telephone. About 40 percent of the 777 s total computer capacity was reserved for passengers in the cabin.30 The 777 was Boeing s first fly by wire (FBW) aircraft, an aircraft controlled by a pilot transmitting commands to the moveable surfaces (rudder, flaps, etc.) electrically, not mechanically. Boeing installed a state of the art FBW system on the 777 partly to satisfy its airline customersRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages66 Determining Potential Discriminatory Practices 66 The 4/5ths Rule 66 Restricted Policy 66 Geographical Comparisons 67 McDonnell-Douglas Test 67 Responding to an EEO Charge 67 Business Necessity 68 Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications 68 Seniority Systems 68 Selected Relevant Supreme Court Cases 69 Cases Concerning Discrimination 69 Cases Concerning Reverse Discrimination 71 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: English-Only Rules 72 Enforcing Equal Opportunity Employment 72 The Role of the EEOC 72 OfficeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesapply the relevant information to the question or case at hand. You might think it difficult to argue against this (what manager would say decisions shouldn’t be based on evidence?), but the vast majority of management decisions are still made â€Å"on the fly,† with little or systematic study of available evidence.13 Systematic study and EBM add to intuition, or those â€Å"gut feelings† about what makes others (and ourselves) â€Å"tick.† Of course, the things you have come to believe in an unsystematic way are notRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 P ages Think of being a pilot on an airplane. Everything is changing—the entire plane is in constant motion—as the plane moves through the air. Unless you can fix on something that is not changing—for example, the ground or the stars—it is impossible to fly the plane. Tragically, investigators found that John F. Kennedy Jr. unknowingly flew his plane into the Atlantic Ocean killing himself, his wife, and his sister-in-law because he lost sight of land and, consequently, lost perspective. He became unable

The Civil War And The First Modern War - 1632 Words

The Civil War clash is often remembered for the carnage caused when army tactics failed to load rifles and muskets, and the tantalizing scene of lost and submerged warships. The revolutionary introduction of ships and railroad networks were just developing at the same time. Day after day, more cadavers lay under the scorching sun than any other life time. People fought everything they had, until nothing but the remains were left. From that era onwards, technology evolved, which provided us with abundant quantities of everything. Historians mostly agreed that the Civil War was the first modern war; the first in which technological strength played a huge role. However, technology also differentiated the two sides in war, with different†¦show more content†¦Weaponry plays a very large role in the war. While the soldiers were on their last legs, the nation decided to set foot and make a decision to improve the industry. The most common problem faced by all soldiers was the load ing of guns. Soldiers typically carried guns that held one bullet at a time. A soldier who was trying to aim and shoot the target would have to stand much closer, as the weapon’s range was only about 80 yards. Hence, battles were fought relatively at a closer range. Rifles, were used for long range shooting, and were very accurate as the bullet could travel up to 1,000 yards. However, it was impossible to use the guns in battle since it took a very long time to load. Fed up with the trouble caused with the guns, Captain Henri Gustave Delvigne and Claude Etienee Minnie developed a cone shaped lead bullet called, â€Å"Minnie Balls†. When fired, the bullet expanded, and the lead would grip tightly against spiraled rifling groves. This would take a spin on the elongated bullet, leaving the muzzle at a higher velocity and following an accurate trajectory causing it to travel three-four times farther. The innovation of the rifle and Minnie Ball were just a few of the hund reds of weaponry inventions. Weapons fell under three categories—small arms, artillery, and edged weapons. These were developed after the society wanted to see a difference in the nation. They were placed under these categories based on their caliber (size of the

Poem Introductions- Stories of Ourselves Cie Free Essays

Because I Could Not Stop for Death In â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,† the author is taken on a metaphorical â€Å"ride† past her entire life and to her end by a personified death. Symbolism, personification and alliteration are used to highlight the fact that she has come to accept fate as natural and is even happy with her new, â€Å"eternal,† life. My Parents Kept Me from Children Who Were Rough â€Å"My Parents Kept Me from Children Who Were Rough† tells of an author looking back on his life as a sheltered, high class boy that is harassed by the town’s â€Å"common kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Introductions- Stories of Ourselves Cie or any similar topic only for you Order Now † He is abused both physically and emotionally while he, following higher class norms, ignores them. Similes, verbs in past tense, diction such as â€Å"kept† and symbolism help describe not only the situation but give insight on the boy’s true desire: acceptance. Attack â€Å"Attack† is a poem about fear, anxiety, uncertainty and danger. The author uses imagery, personification and onomatopoeia to paint a picture of war, describe the dangers as â€Å"alive† and out to get you and reflect the quick and crude sound of bombs and bullets. Anthem For Doomed Youth â€Å"Anthem For Doomed Youth† is a tragic depiction of the meaningless and devastating ends young soldiers meet in battle. Their deaths, unhonored, are blended into the overall war landscape of â€Å"stuttering rifles† and â€Å"angered guns.† Alliteration, personification and metaphors are used to illustrate a landscape filled with gun and bomb sounds and dangers that parallel the human condition during the war. My Dreams Are Of A Field Afar â€Å"My Dreams are of a field afar† is a song of guilt in which a man remembers his fallen comrades and laments not having acted in a certain way. The author mentions the fact that he remains alive because, unlike his mates, he failed to react in an honorable and satisfactory manner; this conflict serves as the root of his remorse. One Art In â€Å"One Art,† the author tries to confront her emotions towards losing a loved one by comparing it to many trivial things. The authors hesitation to write at the end and the change in tone when she says â€Å"the art of losing’s not too hard† (an obvious diversion from the confidence expressed in previous lines) show that no matter how much she wants to believe that the â€Å"art of losing,† might be perfected to the point of indifference, she will continue to be affected. Personification in the beginning parallels the nature of the more significant loss at the end of the poem. Tears, Idle Tears Tears, Idle Tears is a poem about the past: a past that although filled with happiness and love is remembered as dead with regret and sadness. Using metaphors, imagery and the repetition of the last line in each stanza, the author paints a picture of a beautiful â€Å"before† that has somehow been lost. Death is made a synonym of that love that once was, but is now a thing of the past. Because I liked You Better â€Å"Because I Like You Better† is a poem of unreciprocated love, a love so strong it was willing to deny itself for the other’s sake. Metaphors are used to see exemplify the effect actions and events have on the author, i.e pain and reluctant agreement. The author might, to a degree, be scornful of his situation since he decides to, without much trouble, accept rejection and describes his love as â€Å"†¦better than suits a man to say.† How to cite Poem Introductions- Stories of Ourselves Cie, Essay examples

Awareness Of Climate Change Impacts Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Awareness Of Climate Change Impacts. Answer: Introduction: Increasing awareness of climate change impacts around the globe has led to companies to adopt CDP disclosures(Sussman, 2008). Climate Change Information Request a program of CDP analyses greenhouse gas emissions of company activities. Such disclosures norms strive to attain reduced exposure to climatic change and to mitigate effects that cause climate change. The CDP body works along with various corporates and investors to study and analyse ways such that positive impact can be caused on the environment. In such disclosure norms companies are required to provide details regarding their greenhouse gas emissions in their CDP by means of an Online Response System (ORS). Australian regulatory boards are striving to attain positive climatic impacts through disclosure norms. Qantas Airways, a leading airline in Australia and is the flag carrier in Australia. The Company was established in the year 1921 in Winton, Queensland(Bulkeley, 2015). Currently it flies to most parts of the world an d has its headquarters in Mascot, Sydney, Australia. It enjoys a 65% Australian market share and 14.4% of passengers flying inside or outside of Australia. The Company is focused on reduction in emission targets such that it can make positive impact globally. It has been rated as a A-grade Company in its Climate score, due to its carbon related activities undertaken. The scope of this report analyses carbon related impact on the climate caused by the Company. Practical Motivation: Climate change information request 2015 aims at obtaining several data and information in regards to carbon emissions done by the Company. Qantas Airways is a well-known airline that is focused on reducing its emissions, which is target driven by the Climate change procedures. The Company is committed to reduce its emissions and make use of sustainable resources as much as possible(1037-1070, 2008). Though the several airplanes that belongs to the airline functions on fossil fuel, which is a non-renewable and non-sustainable source, it is planting trees and reducing its carbon footprints in other activities. Most office of Qantas are adopting renewable sources of energy for their regular functionality and reducing wastages of energy. All sources that leads to climatic impact are analysed and their carbon footprints are calculated. Each of such items are taken and transformed in an endeavor to reduce impact. The Company is focused on innovation and sustaining renewable mechanisms for every purposes, also devising means by which fossil fuel can best be replaced. Except for where necessary, the Company is not making use of fossil fuel adapting to efficient energy usages(Karim, 2008). At various offices it is making use of solar panels and wind energy sources to reduce its impact on the climate. The Company has adopted all possible means to store and publish data that are in accordance to its Climate impact. Its disclosure agreement provides detailed data and procedures regarding each and every heads that are provided by the CDP. The high scoring potentiality of the Company is reflected by the valuable perspective it attaches to the activities that is being performed by the Company for responding to climate change. Through operational excellence and energy efficient usage, it has been able to make considerable impact on creating an innovative measure. Theoretical Motivation: The Paris Agreement has been ratified at a very fact pace determining heavy reliance on developing Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) on corporates. The new agreement makes it clear that for climate change to be impacted, corporates needs to adapt to norms and procedures that prevents further degradation of the environment. Business strategies needs to revolutionize their businesses based on low-carbon that can limit rise in temperatures(Cotter, 2012). Preventing global warming has become a heavy task, with generation of reliance on everyone to contribute towards the cause in an unprecedented manner. For the scope of the current analysis of Qantas Airlines, legitimacy theory has been adopted. Legitimacy theory considers generalized perception in regards to beliefs and actions of an entity on basis of socially constructed norms. Legitimacy theory applied on this study will consider that climate degradation has been initiated and, Qantas is trying to make a positive impact to resto re such degradation. There is a tremendous amounts of stress that is caused on the climate due to carbon emissions from several activity that can be reduced by socially accepted norm of legitimacy theory(Mills, 2009). The theory allows development and consideration of several facts and figures that will help development of the study and to reach its goals and objectives. Literature Review - Summary Climate change has been a grave concern around the world, with its various grieve facets faced globally. costs of climate change is being borne by humanity in all forms, as floods, rising ocean levels, rising global temperatures, increasing incidence of skin related diseases due to ultra-violet ray exposures and so on(Archel, 2009). Selecting a path today will help shape the future tomorrow to transit the entire economy towards a more sustainable future. Businesses in general and also in particular continue to face immense risks from climate changes experienced globally due to climate change from rising regulations and norms to growing awareness of consumers. Airlines have been considered to be one of the worlds leading polluting industry that directly combusts harmful gases in high atmospheric levels(Gibson, 2008). Such high levels of pollutants by the airlines have been known to cause several diseases including lung related disorders. Thus, airlines needed to adopt disclosure norms that proves their intentions in reducing their carbon emissions and impacting the environment in a net positive manner. Such disclosure norms are undertaken by companies in CDP format containing several heads regarding possible transformations or processes they are adopting(Hhne, 2011). Qantas Airways in Australia has been able to make an overall positive impact on its environment by reduction in its overall carbon emissions. This scope of literature review includes relevant and potential theoretical concepts that has been adopted by the Company. Motivation: Practical The dependent variable in this construct comprises of the climate change that is being impacted by activities of the corporation(Pinkse, 2009). Qantas Airlines in connection with its external as well as internal stakeholders have adopted several procedures that can provide positive impact on the climate change. Internal stakeholders along with Investors of the Company are committed to the long term effect that climate change can create hence have made a financial provision that is dedicated to creating a positive impact. The Company has a strong Board of Corporate Governance that provides yearly disclosures on ground of total financial commitment to back initiatives and innovation for creating a positive impact on the climate(Rankin, 2011). Along with planting of trees, adapting to renewable sources of energy, the Company is also taking other initiatives that can go a long way to create sustenance. It investors have also supported the joint initiative program and innovation technique s for the Company. Customers are growing their awareness regarding the impacts that they can cause to the environment by joining hands with corporates that are interested in making a positive impact on the environment(Milne, 2011). Theoretical Qantas Airlines in its recent CDP disclosures and target development have committed to saving of bird life and preserving natural fauna. It has also committed to measure targeted outcome on measurement of reduction in melting of Southern Polar Ice-Caps. Through joint programs with investors and other stakeholder groups it has aimed at preserving the environment and committing a sustainably achievable goal that can generate greater impacts. Polar ice cap melting have been associated with rising sea-levels. Various shores in Australia have recently experienced submerging of shores and advancing of beaches(Lawrence, 2009). This can directly be linked to commercial activity along with emissions that has led to rising of temperatures in Southern hemisphere. Qantas cannot depict achievement of its environmental targets similar to financial ones but can analysis data and disclose requirements related to them. Conflicting previous results Earlier research and analysis of data reveal that impact and harm already done on the climate is way beyond reversible. Qantas endeavors in order to create a positive impact on the environment might not be able to yield positive results within sufficient periods of time. As climate change has been precedent from a long period of time, impact it has already created is irreversible hence, probably corporations around the world needs to create an effort to be carbon negative such that effects of climatic change can be reversed. This theoretical construct is aimed at depicting the various hypothesis Qantas has adopted in order that positive impact on the environment can be generated. Assigned Theory According to CDP it contains various points and headings which can generate a positive impact on the climate and on the environment. The theoretical and conceptual analytical model for the purpose and scope of analysis deals in getting information in the brochure from the companies that can develop a positive and sustainable impact on the environment. This brochure can be assessed by investors and other stakeholders of the Company in order to evaluate the impact generated on the environment. Key theoretical constructs Theoretical construct is meant to meant to analyse models, theories and concepts in order to analyse the study. The study will encompass two primary variables namely dependent variables and independent variables(b8f65cb373b1b7b15feb-c70d8ead6ced550b4d987d7c03fcdd1d.ssl.cf3.rackcdn.com, Retrieved on 7th September 2017). Dependent variable in this scope of study has been determined to climate change. Climate change is a prolonged impact that is caused from pollutants and emissions, which gives rise to carbon. Emissions caused by burning of fossil fuel from airplanes have further added to levels of pollution causing climatic impact. Through this theoretical construct it can clearly be understood that endeavors undertaken by Qantas for reducing impact from carbon footprints add to positivity. The independent variable which are several efforts made by Qantas in Australia have been considered to generate immense effect on the dependent variable in reducing the harnessing causes degrading the climate. The scope of this study through several theoretical and conceptual framework aims to establish a connect between the Dependent Variable (DV) and the Independent Variable (IV). Qantas has undertaken several efforts to draw on a connection that can establish relation between DV, which is climate change with that of independent variable (IV) which are all efforts made by the Company towards making of a positive impact. The scope of the research also envisages another prominent variable which includes the time duration during which such efforts are made to reduce the impact of pollution(Mills, 2009). More the prolonged time period for which activities are undertaken to reduce impact from pollution more is the effect on the climate. Such prolonged efforts made by Qantas can lead to reduction in global temperature and create a positive impact on the environment. Hypotheses The research hypothesis for the study is aimed at researching the following questions. Research Question 1: What is climatic impact from various emissions by Qantas Airways? Research Question 2: What ways has Qantas Airways strategized climatic impacts into business objectives? Research Question 3: How are the endeavors made by Qantas Airways focused? Research Question 4: What is the targeted emissions reduction in the current year against past years? For the purpose of this study, there will be two hypothesis that will be assumed in the scope of discussion. Null Hypothesis (H0) and the alternate Hypothesis (H1), which will be governed by the variables. In the Null Hypothesis the basis of assumption lies that climatic change will not be impacted through any endeavors undertaken by Qantas. Whereas in the Alternate Hypothesis, it has been assumed that DV which is the climate change will be a function of the IV which are several activities undertaken by Qantas. The study will aim to establish truth of alternate hypothesis and reject null hypothesis in totality. Proxy Measures for Theoretical Constructs Theoretical Construct Proxy measure Dependent (DV), Independent (IV), or Control Variable (CV) Source Impact on Southern Ice-Caps Rate at which ice-caps are melting DV-Climate Change IV-Activities undertaken by Qantas Airways Qantas Airways CDP data Rising water levels in Australian shores Flooding and rising sea-levels along sea-shores DV-Climate Change IV-Activities undertaken by Qantas Airways Scientific data measures and collection Research Method A research method is important for the purpose of undertaking any type of study. For purpose of analysis it is integral that data is collected, which can be done from sources primary and secondary in nature. This study has progressed on the basis of inductive analysis of explorative research philosophy. A research philosophy is one which a scholar adopts for the purpose of conducting his research. In explorative research philosophy, various theories and concepts in accordance to legitimacy theory has been adopted and explored. Further data has mostly been obtained from CDP brochure of Qantas Airways in ways such that all relevant and critical information can be obtained. Primary data collection has been avoided due to lack of time and lack data availability for Qantas Airways. Secondary data obtained from Qantas Airways and CDP format reveals several facts regarding the corporation. The research method has adopted mostly analysis of qualitative data and quantitative data has been ign ored in totality for the sake of simplicity of analysis. Qualitative procedures have been initially analysed in this proposal post, which quantitative measures has been adopted and analysed. There is scope for further research for including more varied conceptual models that can reflect regarding the various procedures for environmental and climatic impacts. References 1037-1070. (2008). The strategic significance of environmental sustainability by Australian-listed property trusts. Journal of Property Investment Finance, 522-540. Archel, P. H. (2009). Social disclosure, legitimacy theory and the role of the state. Accounting, auditing accountability journal, 1284-1307. b8f65cb373b1b7b15feb-c70d8ead6ced550b4d987d7c03fcdd1d.ssl.cf3.rackcdn.com. (Retrieved on 7th September 2017). Australian Climate Leadership Report. https://b8f65cb373b1b7b15feb-c70d8ead6ced550b4d987d7c03fcdd1d.ssl.cf3.rackcdn.com/cms/reports/documents/000/001/351/original/Australian-Climate-Leadership-Report-2016.pdf?1480342252. Bulkeley, H. . (2015). Governing climate change. Routledge. Cotter, J. . (2012). Institutional investor influence on global climate change disclosure practices. Australian journal of management, 169-187. Gibson, J. L. (2008). Challenges to the impartiality of state supreme courts: Legitimacy theory and new-style judicial campaigns. American Political Science Review, 59-75. Hhne, N. B. (2011). Contributions of individual countries emissions to climate change and their uncertainty. Climatic change, 359-391. Karim, M. F. (2008). Impacts of climate change and sea-level rise on cyclonic storm surge floods in Bangladesh. Global Environmental Change, 490-500. Lawrence, P. (2009). Australian climate policy and the Asia Pacific partnership on clean development and climate (APP). From Howard to Rudd: continuity or change? International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 281-299. Mills, E. (2009). A global review of insurance industry responses to climate change. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice, 323-359. Milne, M. J. (2011). Climate change accounting research: keeping it interesting and different. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 948-977. Pinkse, J. . (2009). International business and global climate change. Routledge. Rankin, M. W. (2011). An investigation of voluntary corporate greenhouse gas emissions reporting in a market governance system: Australian evidence. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 1037-1070. Sussman, F. G. (2008). Adapting to climate change: A business approach (p. 41). Arlington, VA: Pew Center on Global Climate Change.

JVA Corporation Simulation

In analyzing the current position of JVA Corporation and its future performance projections, the best strategy to employ so as to save and preserve the overall net profitability of the company is reviewing the corporation’s performance and revenue after every six months. Under this strategy, the corporation will either increase or reduce the employee pay and review their performance after six months (Noe et al 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on JVA Corporation Simulation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The corporation’s employees will get a pay increase twice a year depending on individual performance, if the strategy is adopted, unlike the current strategy where employees with satisfactory performance are compensated once in a year. Employees who do not perform will have their compensation package subsequently reduced twice within a year. This will encourage the employees to work hard and impr ove their performance since; none of them will wish to have their individual pay reduced (Noe et al 2010). The strategy should be in place for a period not exceeding a year given the expected improvement in the performance of the JVA Corporation. It is expected that after this duration, each employee will have improved their performance and thus leading to an upward compensation during the package review. After attaining the required performance standards, it will be wise for the corporation to switch back to annual pay review (Noe et al 2010). The half- year pay and performance review strategy will be applied to both employees within and outside the United States. This is because a very small fraction of the international employees are the managers, who are entitled to a full time salary. Out of the 185,000 corporation employees, 3,500 are management staff employees. This shows that they take a very small percentage of the wage bill to achieve the overall objectives of JVA Corporat ion. However, the review should be based on the location of the employee since the product market trends differ from one geographic region to another. Proper implementation of the strategy will benefit the corporation in several ways as the corporation will be in a position to evaluate its performance half way through the year. Therefore, it will be able to adopt new performance approaches or continue with the existing ones. The corporation, will also save the cost incurred in compensating employees whose performance are unevenly distributed within a year; those that perform highly either in the first half of the year or the second (Noe et al 2010). The result will be a motivated and improved performance by employees throughout the whole year since each employee will target a double upward pay review. As mentioned earlier, the corporation should swiftly switch over to annual review once the required set standards are attained. In this regard, JVA will be in a position to save a lot from downward pay review on underperforming employees during the initial implementation of the strategy (Noe et al 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On switching over to the annual review, again substantial savings will be made since the compensation packages; earlier paid twice in a year will be available once a year but with same or better performance standards. The strategy is bound to have subsequent effects on the community if adopted. The double pay review will encourage more people to seek employment in the corporation, especially the temporary staff. The motivation given to the employees will automatically lead to better and improved product quality. The community members also stand a chance of getting more job opportunities should the strategy lead to expansion of the corporation, as a result, a need for more labor force. In conclusion, the strategy will be the best remedy for the upward revival of JVA Corporation’s overall profits (Noe et al 2010). Works Cited Noe, Raymond, John Hollenbeck, Barry Gerhart and Patr Wright. Fundamentals of  Human Resource Management. New Jersey: McGraw Hill, 2010. Print This essay on JVA Corporation Simulation was written and submitted by user Anabella Raymond to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Ideas to Make the Most Out of Thanksgiving Break

10 Ideas to Make the Most Out of Thanksgiving Break It’s that Thanksgiving Break time of year and you’re looking to make the most of it. You want a good spread of ideas to choose from, so here are the most popular choices among college students these days. 1. Travel to a Small Town Right, so this is probably one of the coolest ideas ever. You get a group of friends together, pool your money and travel to a small town that really takes the Thanksgiving break seriously. We’re talking snow, parades, with decorations everywhere. It can be costly for cabins and hotels, but if you know someone on campus from one of those small towns and it doesnt turn into a tourist trap, then hop on that! Some small towns out there really do things right. Everyone gets involved. The whole town makes a thing of it. 2. Round up the Family Thanksgiving Break is a time to head home and be with the family. These days it can be hard, and lots of families get spread out when the kids get into college. Plus, back home with family and familiar faces you can recharge. 3. Stay on-Campus and Sleep No one says you have to leave or get involved in any of the festivities. You can choose to just sleep all through the break and really recharge your batteries for winter quarter. Besides, the college always has something going on for the students that stick around. 4. Prepare for the Dreaded Black Friday It’s the modern consumer world and one way or another we’re all affected by the biggest shopping day of the year. Whether you take part, work in the retail/service industries, or you just like to wear sweats and watch the mayhem on Live Streams†¦prepare. 5. Eat Tons of Delicious Food Thanksgiving is about the food when you get right down to it. And, it’s everywhere if you know where to look. Eat it up! Live it up! Dig in! Sure, you might gain a pound or two, but whatever. You can always burn that off before the spring and summer anyway. Dive into the pies and hometown delicacies. Honestly, you really only do live once and Thanksgiving only comes around once a year. 6. Get Ahead on Your Studies You know what tests and classes are coming down the pike. You could invest the time in extra study or brushing up on topics that you’ll soon be tested on. Nothing wrong with that, but do keep in mind this is a holiday. 7. Go Check out a Nutcracker Show Have you ever been to a real Nutcracker show? These things are amazing! Tchaikovsky is a master. For the better ones expect to pay a decent price, but it’s easily worth it. There’s the ballet version and other kinds of musicals but the point is to go see a holiday show. And, it’s a great date idea as well. 8. Take Part in Sports Fanaticism In America, Thanksgiving Day is a mega day for football lovers. In some circles football can easily overshadow any hint of Thanksgiving. If you’re not really into sports or football has never been your thing, get into it for once! Get into the weird commercials, all the yummy football foods and jump up and down during big plays. It’s fun. Here’s the lineup according to the National Football League for 2013 Thursday, November 28th (Thanksgiving Day) Packers vs. Lions – 12:30 PM (ET) Raiders vs. Cowboys 4:30 PM (ET) Steelers vs. Ravens 8:30 PM (ET) 9. Watch Awesome Thanksgiving Day Movies It’s that time of year to watch the movies that bring us back and spread some light and easy holiday cheer. There are so many to choose from. After about twenty minutes of searching around Google for the most popular favorites, here on the ones that make it onto most Thanksgiving Day movies lists. Planes, Trains and Automobiles Dutch A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving It’s a Wonderful Life Grumpy Old Men Home for the Holidays Miracle on 34th Street Pocahontas Son in Law Garfield’s Thanksgiving 10. Take it Back to Grade School Thanksgiving is a wonderful time, along with Christmas and New Year’s, to get crafty. Go back to grade school. It’s time to cut out and color some paper turkeys. It’s time to make Christmas decorations out of popcorn. It’s time to make some caramel apples. Before you know it Thanksgiving Break is over and it’s back to the books. Might as well make the best of it, right? Hey, make sure to listen to some old classical holiday music. Have a good time and live it up. If you can, do the small town thing though because that will make for some lifelong Thanksgiving memories. Do you have any plans for the Thanksgiving break? Share your ideas in comments!

The Effectiveness of Employee Stock Ownership Plans Essay

The Effectiveness of Employee Stock Ownership Plans - Essay Example Employees do not have to pay taxes on the contributions when they work in a company. Only when they leave their job, they have to make all payments. It means that employees have a strong motivation to increase their productivity and generate higher revenues for the company in general not only because it increases their personal wage but also because they are the co-owners of the company. Thus, the effect on employees’ motivation is highly positive. Another important aspect is that employees are interested in the successful implementation of job functions of their colleagues while in the absence of this plan, they are primarily neutral. If other employees work more efficiently, it will lead to a higher gross output, and the market value of the company will increase. Consequently, the given employee may receive higher revenues even if his/her personal productivity has not increased. Thus, it may be expected that the corporate culture within such organizations will be better than in other companies. ESOP encourages the development of non-material assets in the company. However, ESOP also has some disadvantages for employees. I particular, it concentrates all employees’ shares in one company. It leads to over-concentration of risks that is generally considered as being highly negative. Therefore, employees tend to become too dependent over the dynamics of market prices of the company. In some situations, this dynamics does not correspond to their productivity. For example, during economic recessions, stock prices usually fall dramatically that may decrease the revenues of employees even if their productivity keeps rising. Another problematic aspect is that ESOP does not always result in a higher productivity of employees. It means that motivation alone is not sufficient for higher output and better overall economic results. Moreover, some employees may hope to receive a higher remuneration in an

Financial Modeling Of Value At Risk Portfolio Essay

Financial Modeling Of Value At Risk Portfolio - Essay Example The report is carried out on a 260-day value-at-risk (VAR) of the portfolio of the shares used to make the report. The shares have been analyzed on a daily basis, to normalize the matching volumes of the traded shares. Various plans, methods and project formulae have been utilized to consider the application to be obtained for a determining process. The data used in the analysis uses closing prices to depict how the entire analysis and procedural VBA analysis operates. The shares and dividends depicted in the data are collected from open sources that have been computerized and processed. Nevertheless, some of the information is slightly corrected in order to evade troubles cause by missing data in the analyzed time, share and stock trades patterns. Additionally, the data has been decreased to the industrial shares and stock trading. The data analysis will have a function at the opening part of non-changed stock market data that creates a stable statistical distribution. The methodolo gies used in this data analysis include stimulation employed in the Brownian motion concept, the analytic method of the VAR concept, the Monte Carlo concept, a historical analysis and non-parametric technique. The outline of the remaining sections of the analysis include a background analysis of the data sample, analytic VAR, Monte Carlo VAR, historical analysis and discussion section. The congruence model has put several considerations into deep concentration. These are the inputs, the components of an organization and the outputs of the organization, defining each of these components intensively. The inputs of an organization have been classified into three main categories, and an additional derivative input has been added. These are; the Environment related inputs, resources and organizational history inputs. The derivative input outlined by the model is strategy, as it determines the functionality, productivity and interrelation of the rest of the inputs (Charnes, 2011, p. 142). An organization has been broadly categorized into four key components which are the task, the individual, formal organization arrangements and relationships as well as information organizational aspects, such as leadership skills. From the components, the model has covered the outputs of an organization, which will be the core focus of our analysis. The outputs have been categorized into three main classes, which include Individual output, Group output and organizational output (Charnes, 2011, p. 142). Using the model, this paper will analyze a company outlining the various issues pertaining to the organization and the extent to which the organization has achieved efficiency as defined by the model and the creators. Table of summary statistics for each of your shares individually B(t) A(t) time Path 1 Path 2 Path 3 time Path 1 Path 2 Path 3 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 1 -1.5556 -0.8799 0.7468 1 9.5833 9.7860 10.2740 2 -2.6548 -0.1507 -0.8768 2 9.3036 10.0548 9.8370 3 -5.0247 0.0467 -1.8954 3 8.6426 10.1640 9.5814 4 -4.0943 -0.5172 -1.1894 4 8.9717 10.0448 9.8432 5 -3.9233 -1.2864 0.0331 5 9.0730 9.8641 10.2599 6 -1.1964 -1.1685 0.2872 6

Human development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Human development - Essay Example Skinner’s theory of learning is based on the premise that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes occur due to the response to the external stimuli. This reinforcement theory relies on the assumption that behavior is a function of its consequences (Dunn, 2002). The learner will repeat the behavior if positive reinforcement follows the behavior. Positive reinforcement refers to some verbal recognition or appreciation or rewards like certificates or promotion to a higher level. Negative reinforcement can also strengthen the behavior but punishment can weaken the behavior. This is because the negative condition has been experienced as a consequence of the behavior and teaches the individual not to repeat the behavior. Punishment can help to eliminate behavior and is used in daily life but it works only for a short period. Bandura’s theory states that to learn anything you have to pay attention to it. Anything that dampens the attention will consequently reduce the learning process (Boeree, 1998). For instance, sleep and lethargy can dampen attention and consequrntly learning. Bandura experimented with models and summarized that if the model is attractive colorful appears like us we would pay more attention. After paying attention, it is important to retain what has been paid attention to. This means retaining the mental image or verbal description of the model. When it is stored the same image can be brought up at will whenever necessary. The third step involves translation or reproducing the images into actual behavior. This implies an individual must have the ability to reproduce. This way the ability to imitate improves with practice. In fact the abilities improve even when one just imagines imitating. The act of imitating comes only through some form of motivation. This reinforcement can b e some past reinforcement, promised reinforcement or vicarious reinforcement. The main difference between Bandura and Skinner lies in their

History And Introduction Of Binary Trees English Language Essay

History And Introduction Of Binary Trees English Language Essay Tree is a data structure usually use in math concept can be seen as a graph. The data structure or graph are suited each other as the data structure does not only contain elements but the connection of the elements too. History of Tree was prevented by Cayley in 1857 (100 years before Malaysia got the independence). Cayley was the first man study about Tree then continues by Mckay. He discovers the vertices in database of tree into18 vertices and Royle maintains up to 20 vertices. Nowadays all their effort grant us to a lot of things we use the Tree concept in our daily live and the uses of Tree is very useful in science computer. A Tree is a set of line segment with all of the elements is connected whether left or right. We specified it into binary tree which is the concept of single parent (root or parent nodes) with at least 1 child (child nodes). Further study on binary tree is a full binary tree which meant that every root must have two nodes located left and right of the root. The entire tree is a bipartite graph. The connection point is called fork and the segment is called branches. That is a little bit about tree and we will learn more in next pages. Tree had become useful in our daily life. We can connect each data that we have to solve mathematic problems. We also had done a research on the application of binary tree in our daily life and their uses in science computer to develop well us as science computer student. Binary Tree Full Binary Tree TYPES OF BINARY TREE There are several types of binary tree. Two of them are stated as previous page and here are other types of binary tree: A rooted binary tree is a tree with a root node in which every node has at most two children. A full binary tree (sometimes called as proper binary tree or 2-tree or strictly binary tree) is a tree in which every node other than the leaves has two children. A perfect binary tree is a full binary tree in which all leaves are at the same depth or same level. (This is ambiguously also called a complete binary tree.) A complete binary tree is a binary tree in which every level, except possibly the last, is completely filled, and all nodes are as far left as possible. An infinite complete binary tree is a tree with levels, where for each level d the number of existing nodes at level d is equal to 2d. The cardinal number of the set of all nodes is. The cardinal number of the set of all paths is. The infinite complete binary tree essentially describes the structure of the Cantor set; the unit interval on the real line (of cardinality) is the continuous image of the Cantor set; this tree is sometimes called the Cantor space. A balanced binary tree is where the depth of all the leaves differs by at most 1. Balanced trees have a predictable depth (how many nodes are traversed from the root to a leaf, root counting as node 0 and subsequent as 1, 2, , depth). This depth is equal to the integer part of log2 (n) where n is the number of nodes on the balanced tree. Example 1: balanced tree with 1 node, log2 (1) = 0 (depth = 0). Example 2: balanced tree with 3 nodes, log2 (3) = 1.59 (depth=1). Example 3: balanced tree with 5 nodes, log2 (5) = 2.32 (depth of tree is 2 nodes). A rooted complete binary tree can be identified with a free magma. A degenerate tree is a tree where for each parent node, there is only one associated child node. This means that in a performance measurement, the tree will behave like a linked list data structure. PROPERTIES OF BINARY TREE After we had study the types of binary tree, now we need to study the properties for each types of binary tree. Perfect binary tree required this formula to find the number of nodes that is n  = 2h  + 1  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1  where  h  is the height of the tree and this formula n  = 2L  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1  where  L  is the number of leaf nodes in the tree. Nodes in Complete binary tree have a different formula that is minimum:  n  = 2h  and maximum:  n  = 2h  + 1   1 where  h  is the height of the tree. The number of NULL LINK is (n+1) and the leaf nodes in Complete binary tree is (n  / 2). Non-empty binary tree have different formula n0  leaf nodes and  n2  nodes of degree 2,  n0  =  n2  + 1. Thus n = n0  + n1  + n2  + n4  + n3  + n5  +. + nB-1  + nB and to find B is, B = n 1, n = 1 + 1*n1  + 2*n2  + 3*n3  + 4*n4  + + B*nB, NOT include n0. TRAVERSAL If one dimensional array was compared with data structures like link list, which have an official method of traversal, tree structures can be traversed in many ways. There three main steps that can be shown and the order of the binary tree. First of all is to perform defines the traversal type, next is to traversing to the left child node follow by right child node. This is the easiest method to describe a binary tree through recursion METHODS FIND TRAVERSAL IN BINARY TREES There are several common orders in which nodes can be visited with their own advantages. Here a three main order in binary trees: In-order: Left child, Root, Right child Post-order: Left child, Right child, Root Pre-order: Root, Left child, Right child In-order, Pre-order and Post-order traversal visit each node in a tree by recursively visiting each node in the left and the right subtrees of the root. If the root node visited before its subtrees, this is pre-order, if after so it is post-order and if in between this is in-order. Depth-First Traversal This is one of the concepts to find the traversal of the tree. We always attempt to visit the node farthest from the root we attempt to forget too but, through depth first we does not need to remember all the nodes we have visited. In Pre-order we should go through the root first then followed by left subtree and right subtree. But in In-order we will visit the left subtree first then we visit the root followed by right subtree. Lastly Post-order we start with subtree from the left followed with right then we will visit the root. Breadth-first Traversal Breadth-first traversal is which is opposite with depth-first traversal attempts to the closest nodes to the root. With this method a tree can traversed in level order, by going through from root to the lowest children. Example of Breadth-first traversal Preorder traversal sequence: F, B, A, D, C, E, G, I, H (root, left, right) Inorder traversal sequence: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I (left, root, right) Postorder traversal sequence: A, C, E, D, B, H, I, G, F (left, right, root) BINARY TREE APPLIED IN SCIENCE COMPUTER In computer science, binary tree can be applied such as in java, c/c++ programming, data structure and algorithms. In java, implementation is same in c/c++ programming, solution java is copying the solution in c/c++ and making the syntactic language. Almost every operation have two methods, a one-line method on the binary tree that starts the computation, and a recursive method that works on the node objects. For the lookup() operation, there is a binarytree.lookup() method that the client uses to start a lookup operation. Internal to the binarytree class, there is a private recursive lookup (node) method that implements the recursion down the node structure. This second, private recursive method is basically the same as the recursive C/C++ functions. In binary tree for data structure, a linked list structure is not efficient when searching for a specific item as the node can only be accessed sequentially. The binary search algorithm suggests a data structure which can be implemented using dynamic storage and allows searching to be done efficiently. EXAMPLE IN JAVA // BinaryTree.java public class BinaryTree { // Root node pointer. Will be null for an empty tree. private Node root; /* Node The binary tree is built using this nested node class. Each node stores one data element, and has left and right sub-tree pointer which may be null. The node is a dumb nested class we just use it for storage; it does not have any methods. */ private static class Node { Node left; Node right; int data; Node(int newData) { left = null; right = null; data = newData; } } /** Creates an empty binary tree a null root pointer. */ public void BinaryTree() { root = null; } /** Returns true if the given target is in the binary tree. Uses a recursive helper. */ public boolean lookup(int data) { return(lookup(root, data)); } /** Recursive lookup given a node, recur down searching for the given data. */ private boolean lookup(Node node, int data) { if (node==null) { return(false); } if (data==node.data) { return(true); } else if (data return(lookup(node.left, data)); } else { return(lookup(node.right, data)); } } /** Inserts the given data into the binary tree. Uses a recursive helper. */ public void insert(int data) { root = insert(root, data); } /** Recursive insert given a node pointer, recur down and insert the given data into the tree. Returns the new node pointer (the standard way to communicate a changed pointer back to the caller). */ private Node insert(Node node, int data) { if (node==null) { node = new Node(data); } else { if (data node.left = insert(node.left, data); } else { node.right = insert(node.right, data); } } return(node); // in any case, return the new pointer to the caller } BINARY TREE APPLIED IN DAILY LIFE Binary tree can be applied in our life. This can be shown in competition schedule in sports, family flows, organizations and others. The tree showed the flows of an organization so we can know who or how an organization is flowed. Besides that, we can know the header in an organization, our relation in a family or our competitor in a sport. Others, we can position in an organization so that we not mistake or just estimate someone position in an organization. We also can deal with someone based on the position in an organization and can save our time for dealings. EXAMPLE CONCLUSION We can conclude that binary tree a lot of usage in our life. The binary tree is applied not just in daily life but in computer system. This is because the usages of binary tree easy for the programmer to make a system. Other than that, the application of binary tree can be found in the computer science. In addition, we are pleased to see the chart and reduce errors during the program or enter into an agreement with an officer in an organization. Using the tree, we will know a persons position in an organization or in sports.

Character Analysis of The Moon is Down by John Steinbeck Essay

Analysis of The Moon is Down by John Steinbeck â€Å"Apart from Mayor Orden, the characters in â€Å"The Moon Is Down† remain two dimensional† John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Moon Is Down† is a novel about human relationships, the relationships between a small town and its invaders, the relationships between town officials and the towns-people, and the relationships between the members of the invading army. Although it is a short novel Steinbeck has made a few strong and well-defined characters in these 122 pages. While there are many characters that only have a few pages in which to define themselves, the major characters seem to be very well thought out, and most are quite well rounded. Most of the characters in the novel receive a small paragraph with a description of who they are, these paragraphs are very detailed and help to make the character whole. They not only provide a description of what the character looks like, they give an insight into what the character is thinking. Even to small characters this adds a feeling of understanding on the part of the reader. It allows the reader, in some way, to have a connection to the character, and while the dialogue of â€Å"The Moon Is Down† may be a bit thin, it makes the characters seem more real. Mayor Orden is indisputably, not only the main, but also the most realistic of all the characters in â€Å"The Moon Is Down†. He was made to be Mayor of the town, and nobody would ever dispute his position, however, the first few pages of the book show Doctor Winter and the Mayor’s serving-man (Joseph) offhandedly referring to the Mayor as if he was a little apathetic and vague towards his own appearance. â€Å" ‘What’s the Mayor doing?’ ‘Dressing to receive the Colonel, sir.’ ‘... ...the towns-people pose, he does know that they are the one fault in his leaders plan. Steinbeck wrote this character with a clear insight into the human mind. Colonel Lanser doesn’t want to be in the town any more than he is wanted there, but a Colonel in an army must do as their leader instructs. â€Å"The Moon Is Down† may be a short book, but it does have a lot going for it. Though many people may find the dialogue a let down, the characters are strong, and full of hidden quirks. Steinbeck didn’t directly create â€Å"three-dimensional† characters, but rather let the readers do the work for him. The way this novel is written brings enough life to the story to make every character seem slightly more real, no matter how small their part to play was. Biliography =========== The Moon Is Down by John Steinbeck. First published by William Heinemann Ltd. 1942.

Vacant Chapter 16 Emily

This has to be perfect. Ethan is the most amazing man, and I don't want to disappoint him. So everything has to be flawless. Margie has been a huge help, though, and I don't think I could have – or would have – done this without her. Sometimes I'm so out of my element with this whole love and relationship thing. I know Ethan has more experience, but still†¦ I want him to know how much he means to me. Margie had me over for a girl's night where we watched what she called â€Å"chick licks.† She insisted that the surest way to be able to pull off the perfect anniversary was to see examples of perfect love on the big screen, or a forty-two inch, anyway. We started brainstorming and came up with a plan; a pretty good one if I do say so myself. Now I just have to make sure I don't mess it up. So here I am, standing in the middle of our living room in a new black and pink lace lingerie set and enough lit candles that I may, in fact, set off a smoke alarm. Of course, Ethan has seen me in much less that bra and panties, but these seem†¦dirty somehow. Because of the purpose for which they are intended, the pink and black lace seems obscene. I hadn't wanted to get the â€Å"tonga† cut, but Margie insisted it was the look needed for the occasion. I'm more of a cotton brief kind of girl. All the panties we looked through were so small†¦ and in bright lacy colors, nor did they seem practical. I really hope Ethan doesn't expect fancy panties all the time because I cannot see the practicality of wearing this style on a daily basis. Particularly if one has to frequently bend or stoop I glance at the clock on the wall, which was purchased at Hobby Lobby, thank you very much, and know that Ethan will walk through the front door at any moment. I shouldn't be this nervous, but we have grown so much together in the last year, both in heart and mind. I know without a doubt I will be with this man forever, and I want to experience every last thing imaginable with him. When I hear the key in the door, I close my eyes and take a deep breath. Within seconds of the door opening and closing, I hear a loud gasp followed by, â€Å"Holy shhiiittt.† Ethan is in front of me, hands exploring my backside after only a few seconds. I wonder if he sprinted, even though the distance from the door is only a few steps. It makes me relax, realizing he appreciates my gift a great deal. â€Å"Baby, you smell so good,† he whispers. His lips– then teeth skim my neck and shoulder. The contrast in sensation takes my breath away. â€Å"Fuck. What did I do to deserve all this? And you?† I'm frozen for a second because I think he's forgotten what today is. He thinks this is just a random tryst. And while we are extraordinarily honest with each other, I can't bring myself to tell him what this is really about. A pang shoots from my heart down into my stomach. â€Å"Whoa, whoa†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ethan pulls away and looks at me. I try to smile, but it's wholly unsuccessful. It makes my throat tighten more, and I need an escape to the bathroom to shed unwanted tears. This isn't how it's supposed to go! He's supposed to see me, sweep me off my feet, pledge undying devotion, and make love to me for hours. Damn you, Hollywood! You're a liar. â€Å"Emily, what's wrong? What did I say?† He turns away from me at the moment my lips quivers. He's fisting his hair, mumbling to himself. Even though I still have on a bra, panties, and stupid black heels Margie insisted made the look perfect, I've never felt more exposed. I want to sink into the carpet, wishing the last half hour hadn't ever happened. Stupid, Emily†¦why do you always have to do something different or fancy? Why not just make fried chicken for dinner and get him a nice card, I argue with myself. â€Å"Shit! Why did I have to say something stupid on our anniversary? I try, Emily. I want to be good for you, I do. I just can't get it right, ya know? God, please say something.† †¦stupid on our anniversary†¦ â€Å"You know it's our anniversary?† I could have heard incorrectly. â€Å"Well, yeah. How could I forget our anniversary? I can't forget a thing about you, Emily.† He starts to walk toward the couch and grabs my hand, pulling me behind him. He flops down then pulls me into his lap. His thumb graces the outer edges of my smile. He didn't forget. â€Å"I remember that you hate high heels.† His hand ghosts down my leg and then draws my leg up. He grasps my spiked heel and slips it off my foot. He tosses the shoe to the floor before he begins to rub my toes. After a few moments, his hand slides up my arm to my neck, landing on my earlobe. â€Å"I remember that you only wear stud earrings because you're afraid of getting them caught on something.† His tongue snakes out a lightly traces the tip of my ear. â€Å"I also remember that you don't wear necklaces†¦.† His hand floats to cup my neck and then draws a finger down my breastbone and into my enhanced cleavage. Ethan shifts on the sofa and pulls something from his pocket. He hands me a small black box with a red bow. â€Å"But I'm hoping to change that.† Ethan finishes. I open the box and see the most delicate, yet beautiful necklace. A small silver disc holds the date we pledged our love for each other. One year ago, today. I find that I can't resist this thoughtful man. Not only has he not forgotten our anniversary, but he has also purchased the perfect gift. I seductively maneuver myself so that I'm facing Ethan. I straddle his lap and then kiss him like my life depends on it. â€Å"It's perfect. You're perfect,† I mumble in between kisses. I always get this feeling when Ethan and I are about to do it. It's still a million tiny butterflies bouncing in my stomach trying to break free. Honestly, it's the best feeling. The greatest part, though, is that each time is better than the last. I'm not sure if Ethan has been swapping stories in the stock room – although I doubt it, it's not his style – or reading up on the internet, but things have really†¦exploded for us in the bedroom department. There was a Get-to-know-you period, which was followed by the Awkward-movements period. Then there was the This-works-so-let's-do-it-this-way-all-the-time period. Lately, we'd found the â€Å"Life is like a box of chocolates†¦Ã¢â‚¬  period. And let me tell you, I may not know what I'm â€Å"gonna get,† but that shit is good. â€Å"Chocolate† is never a bad thing. â€Å"And I remember,† Ethan pauses, breathing me in. â€Å"You love it when I kiss you here,† he finishes and then sucks my nipple into his mouth. The contrast in sensation of his soft, wet mouth and the lace fabric has me beyond aroused. â€Å"New rule: all panties must be like this.† His hands rub across the exposed flesh of my butt, grabbing a handful of cheek to accentuate his point. Ethan's kiss is now languid, his tongue reaching out and teasing my body. As he moves upward, our eyes connecting once again, he beckons my mouth to open and allow him inside. I'm totally lost to this man and would submit to anything he wanted but after a few moments, I remember I have a plan. â€Å"Let's move to the bedroom,† I say in my most seductive voice. â€Å"I have more surprises for you.† Before I even have a chance to stand, Ethan grabs me and stands, coaxing me to wrap my legs around him. He doesn't carry me like this often, but when he does, there is no safer feeling in this world. He is totally supporting me, exerting his masculinity. I feel small pressed against him – a protector and his charge. â€Å"I love you,† I whisper and rest my head on his shoulder. The journey down the hall to the bedroom is too short. I could stay wrapped up in Ethan this way forever, but I have a massage to render, so I regrettably pull myself from the security of his arms. â€Å"Clothes off and lie down,† I command. Ethan raises a brow at me, showing he's a little shocked by my demand. His smile, however, tells me he likes it. He quickly sheds his clothes and lies face down on the bed. â€Å"No peeking,† I say while removing my bra and panties. I grab the oil from the nightstand and pour a liberal amount in my palm then rub my hands together. I slide my hands over his back and down over his backside, eliciting a moan from Ethan before I move myself into position. I shift and sit on top of his butt, cautious about fully putting my weight on him. â€Å"Is this okay? I'm not too heavy, am I?† His barely intelligible grunt of no helps me relax a little more fully on top of him. Per Hollywood protocol, I've trimmed myself so that I'm mostly exposed. I can't help but grind against him, my bare skin seeking friction with his. â€Å"Emily, that feels so good, but I can't stand it. I gotta turn over and see you.† I rise up to allow Ethan to turn. His hands immediately glide up my legs, his thumbs moving inward. They brush against the smooth skin that hides my clit. â€Å"Say it for me.† I know what he wants, as it has been Ethan's new fascination. I turn red because no matter how many times I say it, I know it will embarrass me. â€Å"Come on, say pussy for me. Tell me how you want my tongue on your pussy, then your mouth on my cock.† I respond with a small yet nervous laugh. â€Å"Come on, my sweet baby girl,† Ethan coaxes. Anything for this man†¦ â€Å"First, Ethan,† I begin with a little attitude. I can do this, and possibly without giggling. â€Å"I want my mouth on your cock.† I make sure to punctuate the word cock. â€Å"Then I want your mouth on my†¦ pussy. And after I've screamed your name†¦I want your cock in my pussy,† I say wanting to add a little naughtiness. That should do it. â€Å"Holy – † Ethan doesn't finish his thought as his words are replaced with vowel sounds when my mouth takes him in. It took me a few tries to get used to the idea of his†¦cock†¦in my mouth, but now there are times I crave it. Ethan says the same thing about going down on me. â€Å"Bring that pussy up here. I need you in my mouth. God, Emily, I – â€Å" I know what he means, even though he doesn't finish saying it. It's always like this, and I hope it always will be. Sometimes, I think I could just come without him touching me; just thinking about his hands and mouth on me is enough. I feel like this level of obsession can't be healthy, though and I shouldn't want someone so much, so often. â€Å"Oh fuck†¦.fuck, fuck. Emily, stop.† Ethan lifts me off of him and lays me on my stomach. He licks down my spine and softly bites my ass. His hands grab at my flesh, separating my cheeks. â€Å"Push your ass up a little, baby. Let me see that perfect little pussy.† Unnnfff†¦ As soon as I comply, his tongue is back on me, tasting me. He's a master at this now. His thumbs rub at my clit while his tongue lavishes attention to my pussy. It only takes a minute before I'm panting and trying to grind my pelvis into the bed. â€Å"Nuh uhh. Keep those hips up,† Ethan reminds me. As much as I enjoy this, I really want the main event. â€Å"Ethan,† I moan. I hope my needy groan tells him I can't wait anymore. â€Å"Don't beg. Never beg, sweetheart.† Ethan pushes me forward, and my chest is now pressed into the mattress. He holds his cock and strokes me a few times before drawing back and sliding inside me. The description of fullness seems so trite, but it's the most accurate description. When Ethan enters me, we are connected, one in mind, body, and soul. â€Å"I wish you could see this, Emily; how my cock glides in and out of you†¦seeing your wetness on my dick.† Ethan stops and runs his hand down through my lips, gathering moisture. â€Å"Turn over.† He grasps his cock and begins to stroke himself. Within seconds, his lips are back on my breast, tugging at my nipple with his teeth. After a few more moments, he leans back, hooks my thighs with his forearms, and pulls me forward. He wastes no time in aligning himself and sliding home again. With my legs pushed back, he can get so much deeper and I feel him in my belly. His thrusts become aggressive and I know that he's close. â€Å"Do you want me to take you this way, or do you want to ride me, so I can see your tits bounce?† Ethan quickly adjusts himself so that he's sitting up. He pulls me into his lap. â€Å"Or maybe like this, so I can see your perfect face and the glisten of sweat that forms on your nose as you come?† All of Ethan's dirty talk is driving me crazy, and quite frankly, I don't care how we get the job done because I'm ready to burst. He lies back, pulling me with him. His hands knead the flesh of my breasts as I moan and writhe on top of him. â€Å"I want to come inside you, baby,† he pleads. I'll never deny him. As soon as we are connected again, we grasp hands, me using him for leverage. The first few times we did it this way, I felt self-conscious, but now I love the feeling of control and power I have to bring him to his end, to coax his lust and love from his body as it spills into mine. I meet my climax first, but Ethan soon follows. We collapse together, me still on top of him. I hug him like a child hugs her favorite teddy bear, and feel safe, warm, and satisfied. We lay together for a while, just caressing and kissing. It is always like this – the tenderness afterward. We'd never†¦ deep breath†¦ fucked. I adored our lovemaking, but also wanted to know what it felt like to be taken in the dressing room of Victoria Secret or the bathroom stall at a nightclub. But we had time, time to experience all of those things. This was the end of one year in a long line of many. Margie says that's love and I just need to go with it. She explained there is a natural progression and I won't always ache for him. She explained that– eventually, he'll just be a small pain in my ass. â€Å"I love you, Ethan.† â€Å"I love you, Emily. Happy anniversary.†

King Richard 3 essays

King Richard 3 essays Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Mankind must learn to live together as brothers and sisters or perish together as fools writes Haisong Lu In our terrestrial globe, dishonesty seems to rule in every aspect of our society. Whether it is in our business world, sporting events or political arena, corruption is dominant as ever. There is a question left to concern: To whom do we turn for moral and ethical leadership? In the olden time, people certainly wont turn for King Richard 3, because he is ambitious and ruthless. Whereas, in the present time, we certainly wont turn for Prime Minister John Howard and President George Bush. Because we have been horribly deceived in Howards defense on the children overboard scandal. While currently, George Bush is rallying decisively to win support from allies and congress for a military strike against Iraq. In Richard the 3, the vicious man would do almost anything to fulfill his ambitious deeds. In the opening of the play, he stated clearly I am determined to prove a villain. His principle was those who submit would prosper and those who resist shall perish. Richards ultimate ambition was to obtain the crown for himself, but there are many obstacles. Richard to some extent dislikes the pleasure of peace and he eager for conflicts and war. He plotted successfully to have his brother Clarence imprisoned in the Tower of London, Clarence died because he has a big chance to succeed the throne. When Richard becomes the king, he is corruptive as ever. He incited Buckingham his right hand man to arrange an immediate murder of the little prince of Edward the 3. I wish the bustards dead. Buckingham was shocked and asked for a leave to consider. Later, he fled to Richmond. Angry Richard ordered Tyrell to assassinate the little prince. When Tyrell accomplished the mission, he was so r ...

The Trade Deficit Causes and Solutions essays

The Trade Deficit Causes and Solutions essays There is a strong tendency among American politicians and economists to attempt to deal with issues and problems in isolation. Politicians take this approach because they apparent have difficulty dealing with complexity. Economists take this approach so that they can factor troublesome variables out of their equations. One result of the approach of treating issues and problems in isolation is the development of solutions that are ineffective when they are implemented in the real world where isolation from other factors is no longer an option. The tendency to deal with the issue of international trade in isolation has led to policies that tend to make the situation worse rather than better. The United States government (it makes little difference which administration is in control of the White House) likes to play the role of the world's policeman (and it likes to be involved in all disputes). This role is very expensive, but the United States government and United States taxpayers do not like to ask Americans to pay the bill in the form of a balanced budget. A balanced budget would require an increase in taxes, as there is just so much the Congress can squeeze out of services for the poor and the old without bringing the electorate down on them (Gale Therefore, the Congress and the President agree to pay the bill resulting from foreign policy by resorting to deficit spending. Deficit spending on a massive scale by the federal government places the government in direct competition with American businesses and American consumers in the capital markets. The government needs money to fund the budget deficit. American businesses need money to fund new projects. American consumers need money to buy new houses and cars. In the normal course of events, however, there is not enough capital to satisfy all of these needs when the federal government is a massive borr...

International and Comparative Human Resource Management Essay

International and Comparative Human Resource Management - Essay Example In addition diversity in workforce presented itself both as a blessing and a trouble to be handled carefully. Multinational enterprises (MNE) are the bodies that are directly affected by the results of globalization as their major portion of revenues are generated from the countries other than their home country. MNE need to manage a diverse workforce in order to maintain their competitive advantage. Globalization itself is the outcome of tremendous improvements in information technology. Information technology has made it possible to communicate throughout the world effectively and speedily. Therefore human resource management practices are also affected by the implications of latest technologies. Globalization has presented many challenges to almost every arena of life in its own way and human resource management is not an exception. These challenges can be named as advance recruitment practices, cultural issues, employee commitment and loyalty, corporate environment, legal issues and political situations. ‘Global trends should be acknowledged as triggers of change in employment relationships. Firms irrespective of national borders are compelled to adjust the employment relationship to fit in with current global realities’. ... Then advertisement to attract useful workmen from the global employee market requires special tactics. An organizational quality can be taken as opportunity by some people and it can be considered as a negative point for some others when we are talking about global employee market. Like if an organization is thought to be hierarchical in nature following a strict chain of command then it will be taken as an opportunity for introvert culture but it will be given less importance by the people who are extroverts and want to express their individuality. ‘the recruitment task becomes more akin towards brand management-monitoring and promoting the reputation of the firm(what it offers as company, in terms of job and competitive compensation), dealing intimately with the problems that leads to excessive turnovers, knowing well the different segments of employment market. Firms with a fine recruitment image often use referral systems (a majority of Cisco employees are hired on the basi s of such internal referrals)’ (Evans, p.70) Furthermore during the initial screening process the human resource management has to develop specific standards which are generalized enough to compare people from different backgrounds equally and using same parameters. Conduction of interviews is also an area of concern in terms of communication differences. There are obvious differences in verbal communication, gestures, postures and body language. Like in modern societies the individuals are not reluctant to be asked about their age, marital status and personal life but in some countries the same questions are taken as a blow over ones privacy. Online interviews are a frequently used phenomenon nowadays. Online

Sesame Street Ganstas Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sesame Street Ganstas Reflection - Essay Example The image which is taken in a street setting depicts as a character who always finds his way. He is shown in the episode demonstrating his ball-juggling ball skills. He as well challenges the other characters, including a baby to catch the ball. As a way of frustrating his subjects, he at one time deflates a fellow character, a football, leaving it formless and without the ability to bounce. In a crooked way, Elmo also slowly and skillfully blows a golf ball into the hole, just for him to win. He best seems to apply the principle of the end justifies the means. In the fictitious streets of Manhattan city, the characters, Elmo finds himself in trouble in the hands of gangsters. He is sandwiched between weapon-bearing gangsters. In the episode on balls, Elmo appears to dominate his world. Even when in the arms of these gangsters, he still appears as one who is fearless and is seen struggling to free himself. The gangsters in their street where Elmo seems to have trespassed in his quenc h for adventure seem to be much determined to hold him captive. The gangsters and the poor Elmo appear to be in a big struggle. The image, therefore, portrays Sesame as a street with a mixture of characters, who are out to challenge each other. This makes the image most suitable for children since it creates a complete satire of the Sesame Street, in a way which is humorous and educative. It prompts the children to be wary of the dangers likely to be encountered in the streets. The image is also suitable to adults. This is because apart from entertaining them, it also brings out the reality that caution should never be thrown to the wind especially when in the streets. The image raises the societal issue of the real world where gangsters in the streets is a real problem. It leaves the audience with the information that, caution should never be ignored especially

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Ethics - Essay Example These ethical concerns can guide the actions of DWI in their official and unofficial position on any step taken by the FCC to allow the same company to control more media sources in a geographical location. The first ethical concern for DWI is to be utilitarian in its ethics to provide the best possible service to society. However, since society also includes the competitors of the company it would be difficult to apply utilitarian ethics to the company and ethical egoism appears to be a more realistic approach. In this approach the company has to do what it thinks will be the most beneficial course of action for the stakeholders of the company which includes the investors, the shareholders, the employees as well as the consumer. One method of doing that would be for the company to maximize its profits which can be done if it controls more of the media in a given location. Companies such as Viacom and Disney are doing exactly the same since it would be profitable for them to control a large share of a given market (Turner, 2004). If DWI is similar in size and market positioning to these companies it should take the same approach as taken by the other large firms and support the plans for allowing one company to control a greater share of the media business in a geographical area. However, since ethical egoism demands that DWI look out for its own best interest, if DWI does not have a media business as large as Disney or Viacom, it should seek to protect its business interests through going against the plans of the larger companies. In fact, the company should be quite vocal about smaller companies being pushed out of business with giants strong arming them and also talk to anyone who is willing to listen about the media situation. Further, to prevent the situation from developing, DWI could also bring the attention of the people to the fact that control

Drawing Essay Example for Free

Drawing Essay I believe drawing is the single most important skill for any visual artist to acquire, whether they are a painter, illustrator, graphic designer, or fashion designer. It is simply the act of seeing made visual. When one learns how to draw, what they are really learning is the ability to see more clearly and communicate what they see or can imagine. As such, drawing is a tool for study, and communication even before it is a tool for making art. When you draw a picture, do you draw the character in blocks first or what? I just cant seem to get my characters anatomically right. I saw your booklist on your site. Do you know of any books which teach you to draw the body in blocks? From Christine Lau I dont draw blocks first when drawing a figure. Usually Ill do a very loose, light, scribbly gesture drawing instead. If you want to learn the blocks method, try any of the books by George Bridgeman, Andrew Loomis, or the books by Robert Beverly Hale. (all are listed on my site) Avoid books by Burne Hogarth, (one of my old teachers) as they arent very accurate and can be very misleading. (note: Glenn Vilppus books are also an excellent source!) By far, the best book for anatomy though is the book by Stephen Rogers Peck (also on the site). There is no quick fix for drawing anatomyit just takes a few years of study. Keep it up though, its worth it once you get a handle on it!!! p.s. Also, draw from live nude models as much as possible, thats the best method to learn it. What is the hardest thing to draw? From Everybody! Nothing is really harder or easier to draw in a mechanical sense. If a person can draw one thing, they are perfectly capable of drawing something else with the same degree of accuracy. The problem is in the phrase the same degree of accuracy. If someone says they can draw, for instance, landscapes, but they cant draw people, what they are really saying is, when I draw landscapes, I draw well enough that no one can tell what Ive drawn incorrectly. The reason people, and especially faces, are so difficult to draw is not because they themselves are any harder to draw than a tree. What changes is our tolerance as viewers for any degree of inaccuracy. We are so intimately familiar with faces and their associated nuances, that the slightest deviation appears as a gross misproportion. Because of this, I am constantly demanding my students draw people, and especially self-portraits, because they effectively highlight any weak skill areas that need attention. My students erron eously believe its because Im sadistic. What purpose does drawing have for artists today? From Carole (Shropshire, United Kingdom) I think people often misrepresent drawing as a medium, or group of mediums, rather than an activity. I see drawing as the visual equivalent of language. It is simply the way we communicate ideas visually through a series of marks on a ground. So to rephrase the question, it is a little like asking What purpose does speaking have for people today? For both, the answer I would give is the communication of information. This information can take the form of ideas, thoughts, commentary, entertainment, or just literal facts, but for all of these, drawing is just the mode of transmission. How artfully this is done is another, separate, issue. In the case of artists specifically, it is the fastest and most efficient way to represent an idea visually. Far more immediate than any other way of doing it, a quickly drawn sketch or thumbnail is usually the first look an artist has at how they might execute an idea.

Health Promotion and Education for HIV

Health Promotion and Education for HIV Introduction The prevalence of HIV infections has increased rapidly in recent years in the UK. In 2006, it was estimated that a total of 73,000 people were infected with HIV, with a further new 6,393 cases reported in 2007 (Health Protection Agency 2007). The epidemiology of HIV infection has changed over the years. In the mid-1980s, the three groups of people considered to be at the highest risk of HIV infection were men who have sex with men, injection drug users and those who have received blood products (e.g. through blood transfusions). However, since 1999, the majority of new infections have been reported among heterosexuals (Health Protection Agency 2007). The prognosis for HIV-infected individuals has improved over the past ten years. Although there is currently no vaccine and no cure for HIV, HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) has proven highly effective in delaying the onset of AIDS and lengthening the lifespan of infected individuals (Rutland et al. 2007).The increased preval ence of HIV infections in the UK means that healthcare professionals in all settings are more likely to care for patients with HIV than in past years. A number of studies have been conducted worldwide to examine healthcare professionals’ knowledge and/or attitudes to HIV in countries including the UK (Tierney 1995; Laraqui et al. 2002; Pisal et al. 2007). Findings showed that healthcare workers are frequently fearful, negative, ill-informed and discriminatory towards HIV-positive patients. Furthermore, fears regarding perceived risks when caring for parents with HIV may hamper quality of patient care (Pisal et al. 2007). As a result, HIV-positive patients may experience stigma and dehumanisation, together with feelings of isolation and guilt. There is an unmet need for effective education programmes to increase healthcare professionals’ knowledge about HIV, modes of transmission and precautions that should be taken when caring for HIV-positive patients. Studies have shown that education programmes to increase levels of knowledge among nurses significantly reduced fears about interacting with HIV-positive patients (Pis al et al. 2007). This paper discusses the development of an educational leaflet aimed at healthcare professionals, analyses the methodology used and evaluates the leaflet and the process of development. Leaflet development When devising health promotion and education programmes, the three main components which must be considered are planning, implementation and evaluation and it may be helpful to use a health promotion model in this process (Whitehead 2003). The Ewles and Simnett model (1992) proposes five different ways of considering health promotion which include a medical approach, behaviour change approach, educational change approach, client-centred approach and social change approach. Our health education approach best fit the educational and behavioural change approaches. By educating the target group of individuals, the knowledge they gain will empower them to make informed decisions and will act as an important influencer on their behaviour (Aghamolaei et al. 2005). In their model, Ewles and Simnett identified 9 stages which were used in the planning of the health education initiative discussed in this paper and which include: Identification of the target group Identification of the needs of the target group Establishment of the goals of education Formulation of specific objectives Identification of resources Planning of content and method Planning of methods of evaluation Implementation of education Evaluation of effectiveness. Planning The target group for this health education strategy was healthcare support workers who may come into contact with clients infected with HIV or AIDS. As discussed, there is a clear need for education programmes for healthcare professionals who may have contact with HIV-positive clients. The main goals of this strategy were to increase levels of knowledge about HIV with a view to reducing fears and stigma surrounding HIV-positive individuals, and alleviate any existing misconceptions surrounding the spread of the HIV virus in clinical practice. The approach taken in this strategy was to develop an educational information leaflet. Previous research has demonstrated that leaflets that promote knowledge of HIV are effective in reducing fear and anxiety among healthcare workers, while also increasing overall knowledge of the disease (Pisal et al. 2007). Leaflets have been shown to provide a number of benefits. For example, they can be used to re-enforce information delivered verbally and c an deliver a greater volume of information that via verbal communication alone (Secker 1997). Furthermore, leaflets may be retained for future reference and can be shared with others. However, there is evidence to suggest that health promotion leaflets needs to be carefully designed, since not all leaflets communicate their messages effectively to their target audience (Shire Hall Communications 1992). Methodology Sources of information Information on the HIV was sourced by searching the Pubmed electronic database and Department of Health websites. Up-to-date, high-quality publications were selected where possible. The Health Protection Agency websites was also search for recent UK-specific epidemiology data. Information relating to the design of the leaflet was gathered from both Pubmed and Google searches. All information sourced was read carefully, findings were accurately summarised and key points were highlighted. Leaflet design The design of educational leaflets should assist the reader’s understanding of the content within (Secker 1997). The leaflet title was chosen carefully so as to be appealing and encourage readers to want to read the entire leaflet. A design theme was chosen which was applied consistently throughout each of the pages. Black and red text was used against a yellow background which demonstrated good readability and made the leaflet stand out on the shelf among a group of other leaflets. The choice of colours was designed to reflect a ‘danger/hazard’ theme which was intended to motivate the reader. While it could be argued that the association of red with danger may actually re-enforce existing negative beliefs about HIV, we believe that our choice of a strong and positive leaflet title negates this possibility. The Times New Roman font in a 12 point size was used for the main text. Research suggests that this is one of the best fonts for educational materials, and that a 12 point font size is the minimum size for readers without visual impairment (Secker 1997). Although it is acknowledged that using a font size as large as this limits the amount of text that can be accommodated, a shortcoming of many educational leaflets is that they contain text which is too small to read comfortably (Albert and Chadwick 1992). The images used in the leaflet were relevant to the content. Research has shown that the use of illustrations is an important factor to consider in leaflet design and that illustrations should always be informative and relative to the content of the leaflet, otherwise they will detract from the information being conveyed (Rohret and Ferguson 1990; Albert and Chadwick 1992). By using ‘before’ and ‘after’ versions of similar images, we aimed to convey some of the feelings that HIV-positive clients may experience in healthcare settings and how a change in the behaviour and attitude of healthcare workers can have a positive impact on the client’s experience as well as improving the interaction between the client and care provider. Another important factor which must be considered when using images, pictures and other illustrative materials is their source and whether there are copyright issues associated with their use. Unfortunately, we did not consider the legal implications associated with our choice of illustration, which subsequently prevented the leaflet from being distributed to the target audience. A folded one third A4 size leaflet, printed on yellow paper with a gloss finish was chosen. This is a popular choice of size for educational leaflets and provides good portability, being small enough to put in a bag. The use of folding negates the need for staples which add to cost. [Client: you didn’t mention anything about leaflet size, stock of paper or finish so I’ve added in what I have found from my own experience of designing educational materials, although I’m not sure of the exact stock of paper that would be the best for a leaflet of this description and no papers discuss this] Language According to Bennett and Heller (2006), â€Å"Speaking the language of the audience is crucial in attempting to appeal to them and change their understanding of any issue†. The language in this leaflet used simple terminology that is easily understood and is jargon free, two factors which have been shown to be of importance in educational materials (Ewles and Simnett 2003). Personal and colloquial terms were used which were designed to engage the reader and encourage critical thinking and reflection of their own clinical practice. The use of personal pronouns has previously been shown to be effective in making the reader feel that the leaflet is addressing them directly, thereby making it more appealing (Glasper and Burge 1992; Albert and Chadwick 1992). The use of long words was limited and sentences were generally short and succinct, with each attempting to explain a single idea (Manning 1981). Evidence has shown that this facilitates the integration and storage of information into memory. This is an important factor since the cognitive load theory proposes that redundant forms of information may require longer processing and may prevent the reader from learning (Doak et al. 1996). Research has also demonstrated that the more long words and long sentences used, the more difficult the leaflet will be for the reader to understand (Pastore and Berg 1987; Bernier and Yasko 1991). Simplicity in both choice of language and sentence structure is also of value if the leaflet were to be translated into other languages or into Braille. While this leaflet was only designed for target groups within the UK, it could also be translated successfully if required. Readability may be assessed more accurately by performing a readability test to determine the reading age of any written material. These tests typically relate the number of long words and sentences to the reading age necessary to understand the materials. Evidence shows that the reading age of the majority of adults in many developed countries is 10-14 years (Vahabi and Ferris 1995). Although we did not employ a readability test when developing this leaflet, it is an activity that would have been helpful to confirm the readability of the material we had developed and would be particularly valuable when developing patient educational materials where reading age would be of greater importance. Content and organisation of information It is important that educational materials are accurate and up to date (Secker 1997). As previously discussed, the most recent information was selected for inclusion in our leaflet. Summarised information was discussed for suitability and then reviewed for accuracy by several members of the team as a quality control exercise. The content of this leaflet is quite specific and should be applicable for the foreseeable future, unless a vaccine or cure for HIV/AIDS is developed or there are changes to universal precautions. Nonetheless, it may have been worth including a publication date on the leaflet to enable the reader to quickly see how old the leaflet is and if a more up-to-date version may be available. The organisation of text within the leaflet is a very important factor influencing whether the material makes sense to the reader (Secker 1997). Studies have shown that educational information should be presented in a way that reflects the priorities of the reader (Bernier and Yasko 1991). Therefore, paragraphs of text were arranged so that the most important and relevant facts were discussed first. This arrangement has been shown to facilitate the assimilation of information and re-enforce learning (Manning 1981). Sequential lists of bullet points were used to present the text included in the leaflet. These have also been shown to enhance assimilation, when compared with blocks of bulk information delivered in a narrative form (Manning 1981). Key points within the text were emphasised in bold type since the use of colour has shown to be ineffective (Kitching 1990) and a number of colours were already employed in the design theme. The text in the leaflet was justified which is not in line with the recommendation of unjustified, left-aligned text using indentations for ease of readability (Kitching 1990). [Client: you don’t mention whether headings were used in the leaflet. Sentence case headings in bold type placed against the left-hand margin with plenty of space around are effective in standing out from the main text and will assist the reader in quickly locating the information they require within the leaflet (Dixon and Park, 1990) Reference: Dixon, E. Park, R. 1990, ‘Do patients understand written health information?’, Nursing Outlook, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 278-81.] Evidence has shown that leaflets should convey only essential information and contain references to further reading in a separate section (Vahabi and Ferris 1995). In our leaflet, the name of the first author and the year were included in the text as citations for source references. For a more continuous flow, it may have been better to replace the author name with a superscript number which relates to the full reference which would be included in a reference list at the end of the leaflet. Since this leaflet is aimed at healthcare professionals who aim to use research-based evidence to inform best practice, it would be particularly important to include the sources of the reference materials to encourage further reading; however, due to space constraints, we were not able to include this reference list in our leaflet. Implementation The leaflet has not been distributed to the intended target group due to legal implications surrounding the images used. The original implementation plan included: (1) distribution of the leaflet after infection control study days held within the hospital, or at study sessions focussing on HIV/AIDS as a method of re-enforcing the verbal information already delivered; (2) inclusion of the leaflet as part of the induction package for relevant new members of staff; and (3) inclusion of leaflets on stands already located in hospital common rooms or other venues. Evaluation As discussed above, since the leaflet has not been distributed to the target audience, it has not been possible to evaluate the success of our approach. We planned to pilot our leaflet to a selected group of healthcare support workers and gain feedback both verbally and via the use of a questionnaire designed to address the quality of content, readability and use of language within the leaflet. Gaining preliminary feedback on the leaflet may have helped us to address any issues identified prior to implementation. The specific limitations identified in our leaflet have already been discussed within the relevant sections of this paper. However, when reflecting on our approach to producing this leaflet, we were able to identify a number of other areas where we feel that the process could be improved in the future: (1) experimenting with other colours may make the leaflet aesthetically more appealing; (2) including the address of the charity listed, instead of just the website, would enable those individuals without internet facilities to also access this valuable resource more easily; (3) when searching for published literature on knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals to HIV, although many studies were identified, there were few recent studies conducted within the UK. For this reason, it may have been worth considering designing a preliminary questionnaire to gather the attitudes and beliefs of the healthcare workers within our particular setting to ensure that we were designing a leaflet which addressed their specific needs; and (4) we believe that the use of an interactive tool, such as a quiz, would further engage the target audience, serving to re-enforce and challenge what they have learnt from the leaflet. Conclusions Our leaflet met the majority of published criteria for well-designed educational material, in terms of content, language and design. The leaflet contained up-to-date, accurate information which was relevant to the target audience. The overall look and feel of the leaflet was appealing and uncrowded with good readability, while the use of relevant images helped to convey the important messages contained within the leaflet. The major limitation of our methodology was the use of images with surrounding legal implications which prevented the leaflet from being distributed. This made is impossible to evaluate the success of our approach which was very disappointing. Nonetheless, developing this leaflet has provided valuable experience which can be applied when designing similar health promotion and education programmes in the future. Bibliography Aghamolei, T., Eftekhar, H., Mohammed, K., Nahjavani, M., Shojaeizadeh, D., Ghofranipour, F., Safa, O. 2005, ‘Effects of a health education program on behaviour, HbA1c and health-related quality of life in diabetic patients’, Acta Medica Iranica, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 89-94. Albert, T. Chadwick, S. 1992, ‘How readable are practice leaflets?’, British Medical Journal, vol. 305, pp. 1266-8. Bennett and Heller 2006, Design studies: theory and research in graphic design, Princeton Architectural Press, New York. Bernier, M. J. Yasko, J. 1991,‘Designing and evaluating printed education materials: model and instrument development’, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 18, pp. 253-63. Doak, C. C,, Doak L. G., Root, J. H. 1996, Teaching patients with low literacy skills, 2nd ed, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia. Ewles and Simnett 1992, Promoting Health: a practical guide. 2nd ed, Scutari Press, London. Ewles and Simnett 2003, Promoting Health: a practical guide. 5th ed, Scutari Press, London. Ezedinachi, E., Ross, M. W., Meremiku, M., Essien, E. J., Edem, C. B., Ekure, E., Ita, O. 2002,â€Å"The impact of an intervention to change health workers’ HIV/AIDS attitudes and knowledge in Nigeria: a controlled trial’, Public Health, vol. 116, pp. 106-12 Glasper, A. Burge, D. 1992, ‘Developing family information leaflets’, Nursing Standard, vol. 6, no. 25, pp. 24-7. Health Protection Agency 2007, Testing Times: HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in the United Kingdom, 2007. Retrieved 31st July 2008 from: http://www.hpa.org.uk/web/HPAwebHPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1203084355941 Kitching, J. B. 1990, ‘Patient information leaflets – the state of the art’, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, vol. 83, pp. 298-300. Pisal, H., Sutar, S., Sastry, J., Kapadia-Kundu, N., Joshi, A., Joshi, M., Leslie, J., Scotti, L., Bharucha, K., Suryavanshi, N., Phadke, M., Bollinger, R., Shankar, A.V. 2007, ‘Nurses health education program in India increases HIV knowledge and reduces fear’, Journal of the Association of Nurses and AIDS Care, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 32-43. Laraqui, C. H., Tripodi, D., Rahhali, A., Bichara, M., Laraqui, S., Curtes, J. P., Verger, C., Zahraoui, M. 2002,’Knowledge, practice, and behaviour of healthcare workers confronted to AIDS and the occupational risk of HIV transmission in Morocco, Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses, vol. 32, pp. 307-14. Manning, D. 1981, ‘Writing readable health messages’, Public Health Reports, vol. 96, no. 5, pp. 464-5. Pastore, P. Berg, B. 1987, ‘The evaluation of patient education materials: focus on readability’, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 216-9. Rohret, L. Ferguson, K. J. 1990, ‘Effective use of patient education illustrations’, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 15, pp. 73-5. Rutland, E., Foley, E., O’Mahony, C., Miller, M., Maw, R., Kell, P., Rowen, D. 2007, ‘How normalised is HIV care in the UK? A survey of current practice and opinion’, Sexually Transmitted Infections, vol. 83, pp. 151-4. Secker, J. 1997, ‘Assessing the quality of patient education leaflets’, Coronary Health Care, vol. 1, pp. 37-41. Shire Hall Communications 1992, Consumer leaflets – a write off?, Shire Hall Communications, London. Tibdewel, S. S. Wadhva, S. K. 2001, ‘HIV/AIDS awareness among hospital employees’, Indian Journal of Medical Science, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 69-72. Vahabi, M. Ferris, L. 1995, ‘Improving written patient education materials: a review of the evidence’, Health Education Journal, vol. 54, pp. 99-106. Whitehead, D. 2003, ‘Evaluating health promotion: a model for nursing practice’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 490-8.